這次帶了嗚寶做體檢，居然發現血鈣偏低。 `囧ˊ
真是太慚愧了....只好來努力用功看看怎麼補救才好!!
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[只餵食生骨無法平衡自製貓食中的磷?!]
隨便看一下就找到這麼驚悚的內容!!!
這豈不是要嚇掉我們這些貓媽媽的一堆毛!!
不管是Anne還是Pierson的食譜，都是使用生骨去絞啊，根本沒添加其他的鈣質補充品。
這位TCfeline寫這文章，到底是個人意見還是生食餐的常識呢?
這幾天得好好用功才行~~
以下原文還沒空翻譯，先看下面的重點。
Point: 骨中也含有磷(鈣:磷=2:1)，自製生食中大多為高磷的肉及內臟，只使用生骨無法達到適宜的鈣磷比(一般為1.33:1)。此為TCfeline網站中資訊，他們使用碳酸鈣來平衡生食中的磷。
In the cat’s diet (and the diet of most animals) calcium needs to stand in a certain ratio to the mineral phosphorus, the later which occurs in abundance in meat. Presumably, the ideal ratio of calcium to phosphorus would be that of adult, wild mice (determined to be the primary natural food source of the cat) which is 1.33 parts of calcium to ever 1 part of phosphorus.
Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body, and bone contains 99% of the body’s calcium. 70% of the calcium in bone consists as the calcium phosphate mineral Hydroxyapatite, which is also known as “bone mineral”. It gives bone its rigidity. Tooth enamel, for example, is almost 90% Hydroxyapatite or calcium phosphate. In addition to forming bone density, calcium serves vital functions in the body. For example, enzyme activity, contraction of muscles, release of neurotransmitters, regulation of heart beat, and the clotting of blood all depend on calcium. The calcium in bone serves as a reservoir to maintain blood calcium and enable these functions. If the diet does not provide enough calcium to replenish the mobile stores of calcium in the bone, deficiencies will occur.
Phosphorus is the second most abundant mineral in the body, and bone contains 85% of the body’s phosphorus. The rest is found in cells and tissue throughout the body, where it plays an essential role in how the body stores and uses energy, and regulates the growth, maintenance, and repair of all tissues and cell. It helps filter waste from the kidneys, and is essential for the production of the genetic building blocks, DNA and RNA. Phosphorus is also needed to help balance and use other vitamins and minerals, including vitamin D, iodine, magnesium, and zinc.
Like calcium, phosphorus is an important mineral in the soil and is essential for plant growth. Herbivores meet their own need for calcium and phosphorus by eating plants, and in turn supply carnivores with calcium and phosphorus with their bones and flesh.
How much dietary calcium is optimal for the cat depends not only on the minimal requirement to maintain blood calcium, but also on the amount of phosphorus supplied in the diet. Eating whole prey will not only meet the cat’s requirement for calcium, but also in an amount that is in a metabolically ideal ratio to phosphorus. An important aspect of formulating a diet for cats is, therefore, to replicate this ration of calcium to phosphorus. Too much phosphorus in the diet, disproportionate to calcium, will cause a calcium deficiency.
Phosphorus occurs most abundant in high protein animal tissue like meat, bones, milk, and eggs. In bones and milk, it is already found in a bond with calcium as the calcium phosphate Hydroxyapatite. In meat an eggs, however, it occurs as organophosphate without bond to calcium, and since meat provides the basis of a diet for cats, the phosphorus in meat (and to a lesser extent in eggs, because egg yolks makes for only a small portion of the diet) needs to be balanced with an additional source of calcium.
As discussed elsewhere (see: Freeze-dried bone) the best substitute for the natural source of calcium from bone, found in the cat’s natural prey diet, is natural bone. It has proved impossible, however, to balance phosphorus in pure meat (as it is used in the raw meat diet) with the addition of bone meal as a source of calcium, without grossly exceeding the total amount of calcium and phosphorus that would be supplied by the cat’s natural prey diet.
The reason for this is, that the total weight of a mouse, for example, is not made up entirely of pure flesh (meat) and bone alone. There is a great deal of other tissue like skin, hair, and entrails which add volume to the mouse and supply nutrients to the cat, but contain little phosphorus. These parts are not included in the raw meat diet, and the volume of the raw meat diet is almost entirely made up of pure meat, liver, and egg yolk, which are all high in phosphorus. It would take a disproportionate amount of bone (as bone meal or freeze-dried bone) to supply enough calcium to balance the amount of phosphorus supplied by these foods, because bone already contains phosphorus in a ration of 1 part phosphorus to every 2 parts of calcium.
Enough bone could be added to meat to create an overall ideal calcium to phosphorus, but the diet would contain much more total calcium and phosphorus than would be supplied by prey. As long as calcium and phosphorus stand in a correct ration to each other, this should not matter in a healthy individual. However, individuals with compromised kidney function will find it difficult to cope with the excess of phosphorus in the diet. Excessively high amounts of calcium can depress function of magnesium. It can also contribute to constipation and formation of oxalate stones.
To better mimic the natural levels of calcium and phosphorus as they are found in prey, and to prevent possible harmful effects from an over-abundance of calcium and phosphorus in the diet, Calcium Carbonate is added to the TCfeline premix as a pure source of calcium to eliminate the need to rely on calcium from bone alone.
http://tcfeline.com/2013/04/07/calcium-carbonate/
http://tcfeline.com/2013/04/07/calcium-carbonate/
鈣質需要量
貓每公斤需要128mg的鈣，而小貓需要400mg/kg。每隻貓可能有差異，請詢問獸醫師。
Cats need about 128 mg per kilogram, and kittens 400. Your pet's needs may vary, so run your estimate past your vet.
http://pets.thenest.com/make-own-ground-eggshell-calcium-supplement-dogs-cats-11256.html
使用蛋殼粉
[蛋殼粉用量]
[說法一]如果要使用蛋殼粉做為自製食的鈣質補充品，可在每磅無骨的肉中加入0.5茶匙的蛋殼粉(約含400mg可吸收鈣)。
1磅=0.454kg
If you're using ground egg shells as a calcium supplement for a homemade diet, you will need to add 1/2 tsp. of the powder (this equals about 400 milligrams of adsorbable calcium) for each pound of boneless meat in your recipe.
http://www.petremedycharts.com/Learning%20Center/Nutrition/Nutrition/How_to_Make_a_Calcium_Supplement_for_Pets.html
[說法二]
每磅加入一茶匙的蛋殼粉
(作者認為鈣磷比應達到2:1)
http://www.pet-grub.com/part1/how_to_make_your_own_ground_egg_shell_calcium_supplement_for_dogs_and_cats
[蛋殼粉中的鈣質含量]
一個一般大小的蛋殼有750~800mg的鈣，另外還有如硼、銅、鐵、鎂、.錳及鋅等微量元素。蛋殼共有27種微量元素，且其組成類似於骨骼及牙齒。蛋殼有很多孔，所以很容易受到化學物質及細菌的汙染，因此盡量使用有機的蛋殼。
One average-size eggshell has 750 to 800 mg of calcium, along with trace elements like boron, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, zinc and more. Eggshells have a total of 27 trace elements and a composition similar to bones and teeth. They're porous, so they are vulnerable to contaminants, chemicals and bacteria in their environment. Therefore, buy organic when possible.
http://pets.thenest.com/make-own-ground-eggshell-calcium-supplement-dogs-cats-11256.html
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